Because of this, it’s essential to see an eye doctor regularly, even if you don’t need glasses. Glaucoma is a “silent disease” - you don’t feel or see that something is wrong until the optic nerve is almost completely damaged and you’re close to going blind. This causes thinning of the optic nerve tissue in these two sectors. In glaucoma, the bottom quadrant of the optic disc is usually damaged first followed by the top quadrant. It is possible for an eye doctor to look at the optic disc and predict whether it has been damaged by glaucoma. Pressure under 20 is usually safe except in cases of “normal tension glaucoma” in which the optic disc may still sustain damage. They should receive regular pressure checks, peripheral field tests and scans of the optic nerve. These patients need to be followed carefully. Pressure that is between 20 and 30 can still cause glaucoma but less likely. Pressure in excess of 30 will almost always cause glaucomatous damage to the optic disc. A normal pressure is between 10 and 20 millimeters of mercury. It is caused by elevated pressure of the fluid inside the eye pressing down on the optic disc and damaging the nerve fibers. Glaucoma is the most common optic disc disorder. Optic disc problemsīecause the optic disc houses such important connections, any damage to the disc can negatively impact vision. The cilioretinal artery delivers blood to the center of the macula. The central retinal vein drains blood from the retina and optic nerve back to the heart.Ībout 20-40% of the population also has a small extra artery coming out of the optic disc, called the cilioretinal artery. The central retinal artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery, is responsible for delivering blood from the heart to the retina. The optic disc is also where the retina and the central retinal artery and vein connect. The optic nerve takes these electrical signals and delivers them to the brain, which interprets them into the images we see. These signals then travel through the retina to the optic disc. The photoreceptors take the light and turn it into electrical signals. When light enters the eye through the lens, it hits the retina at the back of the eye. This is where the optic nerve, made up of over a million nerve fibers, connects to the retina. There is a small indentation at the center of the optic disc, called the physiologic cup. It is the only spot on the retina that has no rods or cones, making it a “blind spot.” The optic disc is a round, slightly raised area at the border of the macula and the peripheral retina, and it can be yellow-orange or pink. ![]() Cones help you see better when the light is brighter. Rods help you see at night or when the light is dim. Cones are responsible for processing color and fine detail. Rods are responsible for detecting the size, shape, brightness and movement of objects. The retina contains cells called photoreceptors, which can also be broken into two categories: rods and cones. The peripheral retina, which makes up the rest of the retina, is responsible for peripheral vision. The macula, which is located in the center of the eye, is responsible for seeing images directly in front of you. There are two main areas in the retina: the macula and the peripheral retina. This tissue is responsible for taking the light that enters the eye and turning it into the images you see. ![]() There is a layer of tissue at the back of each eye, opposite to the pupil, called the retina. The optic disc is also where the retina’s main artery and vein enter the eye. It is where the retina and optic nerve connect. The optic disc, sometimes called the optic nerve head, is a round section at the back of the eye.
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